Research Article
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in the Eye of Prostate-specific Antigen Among Nigerian Females
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, February 2025
Pages:
1-19
Received:
12 December 2024
Accepted:
23 December 2024
Published:
7 January 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajlm.20251001.11
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Abstract: Introduction: The clinical relevance of raised total prostate-specific antigen (TPSA) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is yet to be explored among Nigerians. To bridge this knowledge gap, we explored the clinical relevance of TPSA among PCOS patients in Nigeria. Methods: This case-controlled study was conducted between 2022 and 2024 in the Department of Chemical Pathology at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH), Nigeria. Data from all eligible 240 PCOS patients were obtained and compared with age-matched controls and by TPSA status using descriptive/inferential parameters at p<0.05. Results: PCOS patients had higher TPSA status (early follicular/mid-luteal phase) including higher BMI, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), total testosterone (TT), dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate (DHEAS), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), HbA1c, total cholesterol (TChol), triglyceride (Tg), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-sensitivity-C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), homocysteine, malondialdehyde (MDA), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), Castelli risk index 1 and 2 (CRI-1/CRI-2), atherogenic index (AC), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), free androgen index (FAI), homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), LH/FSH ratio, and Ferriman-Gallwey scores (FGS) but lower early-follicular phase estradiol (E2), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), insulin-like growth hormone binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1), HDL-C, mid-luteal phase progesterone, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) compared to healthy controls (p<0.05, respectively). PCOS patients with higher TPSA status had more unfavorable anthropometric, clinical, hormonal, and metabolic profiles than those in the lowest tertile of TPSA status (p<0.05, respectively). Among the PCOS patients, TPSA correlated positively with LH, FSH, TT, DHEAS, FPG, FINS, IGF-1, HbA1c, TChol, Tg, LDL-C, hs-CRP, homocysteine, MDA, non-HDL-C, CRI-1/CRI-2, AC, AIP, VAI, LAP, FAI, HOMA-IR, LH/FSH ratio, and FGS but correlated negatively with E2, progesterone (early follicular/mid-luteal phases), SHBG, IGFBP-1, HDL-C, SOD, GSH-Px, and TAC (p<0.05, respectively). TPSA was associated with oligo/amenorrhea, oligo/anovulation, hyperandrogenemia, Rotterdam phenotype A, moderate/severe FGS, overweight, generalized/abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular risk, oxidative stress risk, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance among PCOS patients (p<0.05, respectively). TPSA level was a discriminative biomarker for PCOS diagnosis among the entire PCOS patients (AUC: 0.879; p<0.001), however, a more robust discriminatory potential was observed among individuals with Rotterdam phenotype A (AUC: 0.935; p<0.001). Conclusion: These findings indicate an association of TPSA with various adverse parameters in PCOS. Further studies are recommended to verify these findings.
Abstract: Introduction: The clinical relevance of raised total prostate-specific antigen (TPSA) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is yet to be explored among Nigerians. To bridge this knowledge gap, we explored the clinical relevance of TPSA among PCOS patients in Nigeria. Methods: This case-controlled study was conducted between 2022 and 2024 in the Depar...
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Johnbosco Chidozie Okafor
